In spite of its limited size, it is characterized by a great variety of bioclimatic regions which have led to differential ethnic occupation in past history. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The rwandan genocide of 1994 was one of the most brutal yet unknown events of mankind. Rwanda is a landlocked country in central africa heart of africa, country is also known as land of thousand hills with land area of 26,338km 2. The outreach programme on the rwanda genocide and the united nations focuses on preventing genocide and supporting survivors.
In fact, rwanda is hardly a typical african country, and the ethnic violence that has recently unfolded there is most typical of ethnically generated bloodshed elsewhere on the african continent. Analyse the causes of the rwandan genocide genocide has been seen as one of the worst moral crimes in the world. Only nigeria, during its civil war, perhaps, has seen ethnically related killing on. Yet the processes leading to violence and the nature of the violencegenocide in rwanda and civil war. Dec 06, 2012 although it has been clearly argued that the causes of the genocide go beyond this and there is a deeper level which when analysed blames the manipulation by the ruling government at the time of the genocide and also the policies adopted by them goes further to explain the causes of the genocide in rwanda. Genocide in rwanda aprilmay 1994 human rights watch. Sep 12, 2017 the rwanda genocide has been compared to the nazi holocaust in its surreal brutality. During that time, about 800,000 people were murdered in a genocide, many or all people in a group are killed because of their ethnicity, colour, religion, or political opinions. Chesca, nick, and jaclyn background information april 7thjuly 15th 1994 targeted tutsi population over 800,000 people were killed at least 250,000 women were raped within 3 months. He is also founder of remembering rwanda, the rwanda genocide tenth anniversary memorial project and has developed and teaches a course on the role of the media in the rwanda genocide. Brett, kelly, courtney, and adrienne slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
In this paper i will investigate the true motivation of the 1994 rwandan genocide as more than just social divide and ethnic hatred between the hutu and the tutsi. The convention defines genocide as any of the following acts committed with the intent to destroy, in. When the hutus discovered their reign had ended they feared tutsi backlash and about 2 million. Causes and effects of the rwandan genocide timeline. During the rwandan genocide in 1994 about one million tutsi and hutu opposition members were slaughtered by the extremist hutu government the hutu, the majority ethnic group in rwanda. The genocide in rwanda, like all genocides, was a complex phenomenon that resulted from a combination of longterm structural factors as well as more immediate decisions taken by powerful actors.
Origins, causes, implementation, consequences, and the postgenocide era donatien nikuze research and documentation center on genocide, national commission for the fight against genocid, republic of rwanda abstract. Scarcity, survival and causes of the genocide david yanagizawa david. How the genocide happened some 800,000 people were killed in rwandas genocide in just 100 days between april and june 1994, an estimated 800,000 rwandans were killed in the space of 100 days. Indeed, the 1994 genocide in rwanda was an event of historical and global signicance, representing as it does one of only three true genocides of the twentieth century. On april 6, 1994, hutus began slaughtering the tutsis in the african country of rwanda. To appreciate them, a short journey through rwandas history is necessary. During the rwandan genocide of 1994, members of the hutu ethnic majority in the eastcentral african nation of rwanda murdered as many as 800,000 people, mostly of the tutsi minority. Frank chalk is a professor in the department of history, concordia university, montreal, canada, and the codirector of the montreal institute for genocide and. Scientific poster genocide rwanda 1994 introduction. Causes and effects of rwandan genocide can be understood properly by understanding the background of this country first. Carleton university school of journalism and communication ottawa, march 2004. This ideologically driven genocide is a clear example of state sponsored massmurder.
Outreach programme on the rwanda genocide and the united nations. The rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the tutsi, was a mass slaughter of tutsi, twa, and moderate hutu in rwanda, which took place between 7 april and 15 july 1994 during the rwandan civil war. It resulted in the death of over 800,000 people over the course of only one hundred days genocide in rwanda. Rising from ashes, the rwandan genocide and conflict. Abstract the human, social and economic costs of rwandas genocide have been staggering. Causes and effects of the genocide the rwandan genocide. Although the country has made remarkable progress over the last ten years, especially in terms of recovering some of the ground lost on education and health, gdp per capita remains much lower than what it would have been without the genocide. The violence that occurred in rwanda is simply classified as a civil war and nothing more. The author tends to put the blame on the belgian colonization, their shoring up the tutsis as the superior race and the hutus in a subordinate class, almost creating a caste system. The president of rwanda at the time, juv enal habyarimana, had decid ed, after long opposition, to comply with the arusha accords and put an end to the crisis and civil war. The french and belgian biases led to the rwandan genocide. Most of the dead were tutsis and most of those who perpetrated the violence were hutus.
Rwanda genocide five thousand people seek haven in their catholic church. It draws attention to the lessons learnt from the rwanda genocide in. February 25 the international criminal tribunal for rwanda jails lieutcol eprem setako, the ministry of defences former head of legal affairs, for 25 years after finding him guilty of genocide and crimes against humanity. Message to symposium on the media and the rwanda genocide carleton university school of journalism and communication ottawa, march 2004 when, on 7 april, people around the world commemorate the 10th anniversary of the rwanda genocide, that observance should be. The international community didnt give one damn for rwandans because rwanda was a country of no strategic importance these are the words general romeo dallaire, force commander of the united nations assistance mission for rwanda unamir used to describe the reaction and failure of the international community. By taking advantage of the chaos that was happening, the rpf invaded rwanda and created a civil war. A new book aims to shed light on the perfect storm that swamped rwanda in 1994, sparking genocide. Lasting 100 days, the rwandan genocide left approximately 800,000 tutsis and hutu sympathizers dead. In the rwandan genocide, members of an ethnic group called the tutsi abatutsi were killed because of their ethnicity. When, on 7 april, people around the world commemorate the 10th anniversary of the rwanda genocide, that observance. Ethnic tensions in the early 1990s led to a largescale conflict in both countries, including what has been internationally condemned as the genocide of. First, it develops a game theoretical model over population groups that optimize their survival under resource scarce conditions. Mar 07, 2015 introduction this paper aims to discuss and examine the causes of the 1994 rwandan genocide.
The death toll for this genocide ranged from about 500,000 people to a 1,000,000. In 1994 more than 800,000 people were slain in the small african country of rwanda. The term genocide was created during the holocaust and declared an international crime in the 1948 united nations convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide. The effect on their social and political roles lisa a. Rwandas political systems were structured by the ecosystem rwanda covers an area of 26338 sq. Abstract during 100 days in the spring and summer of 1994 in rwanda a planned genocide orchestrated by extreme members of the hutu ethnic group, the ruling faction.
Americas secret role in the rwandan genocide news the. The implications and long lasting effects of this genocide stem from many causes which are explored throughout this timeline. A brief history of the country rwandas population of more than 7 million people is divided into three ethnic groups. Cause and effects of the rwandan genocide, 1994 in august of 1994 the tutsi rpf group lead by kagame retook the capital and soon after, the rest of the country, ending the genocide. Analyze the causes of the rwandan genocide the writepass. The international community didnt give one damn for rwandans because rwanda was a country of no strategic importance these are the words general romeo dallaire, force commander of the united nations assistance mission for rwanda unamir used to describe the reaction and failure of the international community to the rwandan. From 1894 until the end of world war i, rwanda, along with burundi and present day tanzania, was part of german east africa. The two presidents were returning from tanzania, where theyd met with regional leaders concerning events in. The main genocide finally ended when this rpf defeated the perpetrator regime and president kagame took control. The 1994 rwanda genocide was the result of an economic crisis, civil war, population growth and a struggle for state power. On april 6, 1994, rwandan president juvenal habyarimanas personal plane, a gift from french president francois mitterand, was shot down as it returned to rwanda, killing habyarimana, burundian president cyprien ntarymira, and members of their entourages. The origin of the violence that transpired in rwanda during the latter half of the twentieth century is tied to the ways in which hutu and tutsi were treated differently by the colonial masters.
Main causes of the 1994 rwanda genocide explore rwanda tours. In an attempt by the hutu regime to annihilate each and every tutsi, between 500,000 to 800,000 or even 1,000,000 tutsis were killed at the hands of hutus. Origins, causes, implementation, consequences, and the post genocide era donatien nikuze research and documentation center on genocide, national commission for the fight against genocid, republic of rwanda abstract. Rwandan genocide simple english wikipedia, the free. Causes and effects of rwandan genocide, 1994 by devika. Ethnic tensions in the early 1990s led to a largescale conflict in both countries, including what has been internationally condemned as the genocide of the tutsi minority in rwanda prunier 1995. N security council decided to send in a helpful force of more than 5,000 troops but by the time they arrived in rwanda the genocide had been over for months.
The international panel of eminent personalities to investigate the 1994 genocide in rwanda and the surrounding events was created by the organization of african unity. Omar mcdoom fourth from right with some of his research team in southern rwanda in 2009. In analyzing the applicability of definitions from the genocide convention of 1948 to the events in rwanda, the assistant legal adviser finds that there is little question that genocidal acts have occurred in rwanda. Their aim was to exterminate the tutsi, the minority ethnic group which comprised of only about 25% of the population. Yet the processes leading to violence and the nature of the violence genocide in rwanda and civil war in. After the 1994 genocide tom ritchey, the legendary mountain bike builder, supplied bicycles to rwandan coffee bean farmers. When the rwanda genocide ended 100 days later, nearly one million people were killed at the hands of army militias, friends, family, and neighbors alike.
Jun 30, 2015 causes and effects of rwandan genocide can be understood properly by understanding the background of this country first. Outreach programme on the rwanda genocide and the united. Although rwanda and burundi had formed separate precolonial states, germany united them as one colony, ruandaurundi. This anthology brings together a variety of viewpoints that debate the causes of this genocide, the worlds reaction to these events, and the rebuilding of this scarred nation. Yet the processes leading to violence and the nature of the violencegenocide in rwanda and civil war in. In this essay i will be analysing the causes of the rwandan genocide by taking into account factors such as the history of rwanda, the environmental, cultural, political and the role of the media and how they contributed to the mass killings of the rwandan population. They were both fearful about what rwanda would do if they interfered. February 25 the international criminal tribunal for rwanda jails lieutcol eprem setako, the ministry of defences former head of legal affairs, for 25 years after finding him guilty of genocide and crimes. Abstract the human, social and economic costs of rwanda s genocide have been staggering. But there is a fundamental difference between these two atrocities. When, on 7 april, people around the world commemorate the 10th anniversary of the rwanda genocide, that observance should be filled not only with remorse, but with.
An interesting look into what brought on the genocide in rwanda. Ritchey toured the land of a thousand hills in 2005, and met several young cyclists calling themselves team rwandawho had imported racing bikes to resurrect the sport. As the genocide was unprecedented in african annals, so is the panel. Pdf causes of rwandan genocide and how it could be. Rwanda s political systems were structured by the ecosystem rwanda covers an area of 26338 sq. Nov 30, 2010 a new book aims to shed light on the perfect storm that swamped rwanda in 1994, sparking genocide.
The hutu who are of bantu origin comprises of the largest ethnic group making 84 percent of the population of rwanda. The government forces and presidential guard were fighting refugees that fled rwanda, while the citizens of rwanda were trying to flee. A summary of the rwandan genocide polytechnic school. Rwanda is an african country that comprises of three ethnic communities. The rwanda genocide has been compared to the nazi holocaust in its surreal brutality. One of the most atrocious aspects of this genocide is the fact that no one acted on it despite having known it was about to occur. Since genocide is the most aberrant of human behaviors, it cries out for explanation. Introduction this paper aims to discuss and examine the causes of the 1994 rwandan genocide. Sample essay on causes and effects of rwandan genocide.
Although it has been clearly argued that the causes of the genocide go beyond this and there is a deeper level which when analysed blames the manipulation by the ruling government at the time of the genocide and also the policies adopted by them goes further to explain the causes of the genocide in rwanda. As the brutal killings continued, the world stood idly by and just watched the slaughter. Eye witnesses to a human catastrophe a thesis submitted to the faculty of the school of continuing studies and of the graduate school of arts and sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in liberal studies. February 17 rwanda will be the global host of world environment day on 5 june 2010. It lies 75 miles southward of equator, 880 miles west of indian ocean, and 1,250 miles east of atlantic ocean.