Retrofit definition of retrofit by the free dictionary. Renovation, rehabilitation and restoration of office buildings. Pdf choice between retrofitting and reconstruction of buildings. Handbook on repair and rehabilitation of rcc pdf free. Maintenance is the act of keeping something in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly.
Retrofitting can improve a machine or systems overall. Theerkadarshini asst professor,dept of civil,panimalar engineering college,india abstract. As bridges grow older, there rehabilitation and retrofitting becomes increasingly important. Repair, restoration and retrofitting of masonry buildings in kachcehh. The repair services includes reconstruction of nonstructural walls, chimneys, boundary walls etc checking ans repairing electrical connecti. The chapter6, which is on repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting methods gives guidelines for selection of method from various repair options available to suit the performance requirement of repair system. Introduction to retrofitting retrofitting is any change made to an existing structure to reduce or eliminate the possibility of damage to that structure from flooding, erosion, high winds, earthquakes, or other hazards.
Retrofitting is making changes to an existing building to protect it from flooding or other hazards such as high winds and earthquakes. In addition, selected tests and feasible techniques as per the latest advances in the industry to be used for health assessment, retrofitting and rehabilitation are presented in depth. The seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete buildings not designed to withstand seismic action is considered. In practice, however, they are too often used imprecisely. Because of hurricanes on the pacific, atlantic, and gulf of mexico coasts, earthquakes near the san andreas and other fault lines, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes in the plains, and floods. What is an equalizing charge, why is it needed, and how to apply one to a lead acid. Pdf guidelines for building energy efficiency retrofitting. Retrofitting and rehabilitation linkedin slideshare. We were no longer just restoring what was there originally, but were instead adding new elements and upgrading the functionality. Differences between mitigation and preparedness free. The methods available for repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting are many. The difference between rehabilitation and retrofitting is often blurred, and academic at best. The terms renovation, refurbishment and retrofit are often taken to mean the same thing, or used as if they are interchangeable. The purpose of this paper is to present the process of rehabilitation, retrofitting characteristics and technical aspects of the major intervention methods.
Engineering is what keeps our nation moving and up to date with technology. Introduction to repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete structures 1. The result of that humongous effort is the soontobe released asce 41. Pdf this study aims at presenting a methodology for the taking decision about the retrofit or the. Retrofitting and rehabilitation of existing structures o2i. Retrofitting is the seismic strengthening carried out to upgrade the seismic resistance of a damaged building. Adding beams between the main girders of the existing reinforced concrete deck to. Retrofitting existing buildings for energy efficiency has been identified as an effective measure to reduce global energy consumptions and greenhouse gas emissions. Repair and rehabilitation of structures retrofitting of. Rehabilitation, retrofitting, sustainable development, polymers. Alexander, hansdieter beushausen, frank dehn, pilate moyo.
Masonry is widely used type of construction in the world. The cost of retrofitting various infrastructures is estimated in the lakhs of. Earthquakes earthquakes do not kill but it is the buildings which kill nearly 5,00,000 earthquakes occur every year about 1,00,000 are felt minor earthquakes occur nearly constantly around the world in places like california and alaska in the u. Deterioration of concrete, corrosion of steel, heavier life load, increase traffic density, poor resistance of fatigue, wind and seismic load, damage due to fire and collision, and normal wear due to aging or some of the reason for rehabilitating or retrofitting of a bridge. It aims to strengthen a structure to satisfy the requirements of the current codes for seismic design. Accordingly, the various conditionsshould be considered and the ideal retrofitting method selected from the various retrofitting methods listed by retrofitting objective in 1 6 above. Outsourcing retrofitting and rehabilitation of existing structures can present numerous benefits. It is a very strong appealing major in college due to the amount of average income, and also it appeals to many individuals likes in a career. A large stock of existing structures and infrastructure are deteriorated with use and time and might have passed their design life and require retrofitting and rehabilitation. Concrete repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting iii.
In italy, most of the residential buildings 77% were constructed before 1981, when only 25% of the national territory was classified as seismic. Repairs, rehabilitation, and retrofitting by ferrocement most effective as it is structural treatment vibration and wiremesh reinforced layers make the mortar dense and crack resistant most durable treatment even after one and a half decades fire resistant upto 750 o c for 48 hours can be made to resist high temperature. Repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting of building. Nondestructive evaluation of concrete structures by. There are various studies which demonstrate the effectiveness of different strength techniques using frp and considerably increase both strength and stiffness. In the current engineering practice, however, the seismic safety or upgrade, a task referred to as seismic retrofit. Strengthening and retrofitting of existing structures anibal costa. Concrete repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting iv. For example, seismic retrofitting is generally used for column members and is performed in most cases to. The goal in both cases is to upgrade a bridge to a desired level of service. Seismic rehabilitation has been working to combine asce 3103 into asce 4106 while also updating both standards. Retrofitting is an important process used for valves and actuators to ensure optimal operation of an industrial plant. Alexander departmentofcivilengineering, universityofcapetown, southafrica hansdieterbeushausen.
To bring back the position of the structure to its previous condition so it gives performance same as previously. There is a need to distinguish between the terms repair, restoration and. Once problems are clearly identified and objectives have been set, a timetable for repair is established in close consultation with the property owner that is in keeping with the findings of the evaluation. It is a major that opens a wide variety of career opportunities for you after college. The fourth international conference on concrete repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting iccrrr 2015 was held 57 october 2015 in leipzig, germany. Earthquakes earthquakes do not kill but it is the buildings which kill nearly 5,00,000 earthquakes occur every year about 1,00,000 are felt minor earthquakes occur nearly constantly around the world in places like california and alaska. This book presents the fundamentals of strengthening and retrofitting approaches, solutions. The cost associated with items such as interference with normal operations, or a complete shutdown of a structure can easily exceed those of the actual rehabilitation work. The repairs are performed on damaged buildings to restore the strength after disaster 2.
Concrete repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting repair methods, materials and techniques. Repairs, rehabilitation, and retrofitting by ferrocement. Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete structures. This has to be done to save the lives and the economy. Rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures notes rrs. Somewhere between removing the pink shower curtains and adding bath fan, tile, and bead board, the bathroom project went from restoration to renovation.
Retrofitting reduces the vulnerability of damage of an existing structure during a future earthquake. The focus of this manual is on retrofitting buildings that are subject to flooding. Strengthening of reinforced concrete beam utilizing frp has been applied to tackle problems related to the civil infrastructure. This conference is a collaborative venture by researchers from the south african research programme in concrete materials based at the universities of. What is the difference between rehabilitation, repair. We follow the ascesei standard 4106, which is a valuable software tool for structural engineers to improve the seismic performance of existing buildings and offer some unique advantages to their clientele. Retrofitting of structures like building, which includes rehabilitation, maintenance and strengthening of the structure, is not only a need in construction and management in urban areas, but also a problem which arises to structural engineers in property management disciplines. Seismic retrofitting is a suitable technology for protection of a variety of structures. Unit v repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures 9 repairs to overcome low member strength. You have already seen an example of these changes, and youll learn more in the following chapters.
In design process we must take two important points in considerations. Seismic retrofitting techniques for concrete structures. This has been brought in details in the paper along with case studies, where the author of the paper was directly involved in planning and execution of the jobs. Inspection, evaluation, rehabilitation, maintenance and. It is important to clearly define the objective of the rehabilitation effort. Fema 356, prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings fema, 2000b. Renovation v refurbishment v retrofit designing buildings wiki share your construction industry knowledge. But, the expertise needed is not available in the basic level. What is the difference between rehabilitation, repair, restoration and retrofitting.
Rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures notes rrs pdf. In addition, adaptive reuse, which can occur in any of the rs, is the conversion of a building from its original function to a new use. The repairing and retrofitting of existing masonry structures are traditionally accomplished by using conventional materials and constructions techniques. Deflection, cracking, chemical disruption, weathering corrosion, wear, fire, leakage and marine exposure. Repair rehabilitation and retrofitting earthquakes. Further, the first provisions addressing thermal performance criteria were introduced in 1991, when about 88% of the existing italian buildings had already been realized. After briefly introducing how seismic action is described for design purposes, methods for assessing the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings are presented. The repair services includes reconstruction of nonstructural walls, chimneys, boundary walls etc.
Vibration based approach for structural health in retrofitting or rehabilitation of construction buildings. Repair rehabilitation and retrofitting free ebook download as powerpoint presentation. It is the act of restoring something to its original state. The new combined standard has eliminated any inconsistencies that previously existed between the two. Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on concrete repair, rehabilitationandretrofitting iccrrr, capetown,southafrica,september 35,2012 concreterepair,rehabilitation andretrofittingiii editors markg.
The united states experiences a variety of natural disasters throughout the year. Random thoughts on concrete repair specifications ills and treatment prescriptions r. Engineering is a very important part of our society, both now and in the past. Strengthening and retrofitting of existing structures. Conclusion seismic retrofitting techniques for concrete structures. What is the difference between rehabilitation, repair, restoration and. One example is retrofitting a 3way valve into a 2way valve, which results in closing one of the three openings to continue using the valve for certain industrial systems. Therefore, the italian building stock is characterized by a large deficit in. The following discussion presents the commonly accepted definitions of these terms. Repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting of building ijirst. The difference between renovation, restoration, and remodeling. Retrofitting and rehabilitation of civil engineering. Differences between mitigation and preparedness free essays. Repairs, rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures prepared by.
It has matured in the recent years to a highly reliable technology. The resolution of the problem uses the comparison between the cost of retrofit divided by twentyfive to which. The iterative search is performed on the initial state to. Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings. But you may be wondering at this point why retrofitting is necessary. Reference rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures rrs notes pdf rrs pdf notes rrs pdf rrs notes. Nondestructive evaluation of concrete structures by bungey 4. Part i what are the primary differences between mitigation and preparedness. Finally, selection criteria for retrofitting technique are briefly discussed. Reports after reports have documented the fragility state of many buildings and called for the urgent attention because of their critical disrepair state due to aging and degradation. Maintenance and repair strategies v ii s em este r ci v il p ag e 1 part a 1. Then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer no kindle device required.
This chapter gives a basic overview of the different flood retrofit options. Once the decision is made, seismic retrofitting can be performed through several methods with various objectives such as increasing the load, deformation. Retrofitting, strengthening and repair have been selected as. Oct 24, 2012 retrofitting and rehabilitation of civil engineering structures what is the concept of repairing. It can arise also from calculations or by comparisons with similar build. The need for structural rehabilitation or retrofitting of buildings is motivated by the following.